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Advanced uses of 都 ("dou1")

Advanced uses of 都 ("dou1")

都 dōu

Adverb

HSK 4

Structure

Subj. + 都 + Predicate Verb + 都 + Verb 了，... 都 + 怨 / 是 / 怪 + Somebody

Definition

都（dōu）作为副词，基本义为“总括，全部”。在高级用法中，可以表示“甚至”，用于强调，或与“了”连用表示“已经”，也可以用在否定句中加强否定语气。

The adverb '都' (dōu) primarily means 'all' or 'both.' In advanced uses, it can indicate 'even' for emphasis, combine with '了' to mean 'already,' or intensify negation in negative sentences.

Usage

高级用法包括：1. 与“连”连用，表示“甚至”，强调极端情况；2. 搭配“了”表示事情已经发生或完成；3. 用于否定句，加强否定语气，常与“不”或“没”连用；4. 在疑问句中表示反诘或强调；5. 与“无论”“不管”等连用，表示“在任何情况下”。

Advanced uses include: 1. With '连' to mean 'even,' emphasizing an extreme case; 2. With '了' to indicate an action has already occurred; 3. In negative sentences to intensify negation, often with '不' or '没'; 4. In rhetorical questions for emphasis; 5. With '无论' or '不管' to mean 'no matter what.'

Examples

1 连小孩子都知道这个道理。 (Even children know this truth.)
2 这件事我都忘了，你还记得。 (I've already forgotten this matter, and you still remember.)
3 这么晚了，你怎么都还不回家？ (It's so late, why aren't you going home at all?)
4 为了学习，他什么苦都愿意吃。 (For studying, he is willing to endure any hardship.)
5 你都不说，我怎么知道？ (If you don't even say anything, how can I know?)

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