Direction complement

趋向补语是汉语中用在动词后面，表示动作方向或动作结果的补语，例如“来”、“去”、“上”、“下”、“进”、“出”、“回”、“过”、“起”等。它们常用于描述动作的趋向或状态的转变。

Direction complement is a grammatical element in Chinese that follows a verb to indicate the direction of an action or the result of an action, such as '来' (come), '去' (go), '上' (up), '下' (down), '进' (enter), '出' (exit), '回' (return), '过' (pass), '起' (rise). They are often used to describe the direction of movement or a change in state.

趋向补语紧跟在动词之后，构成“动词 + 趋向补语”结构。常见的趋向补语有简单趋向补语（如“来”“去”）和复合趋向补语（如“进来”“出去”）。使用时需注意，当动词带处所宾语时，若补语是“来/去”，宾语置于“来/去”之前；若补语是复合趋向补语，宾语通常放在中间部分之后，如“走进教室来”。此外，趋向补语也可表示引申义，如“想起来”（开始回忆）或“关掉”（关闭）。

Direction complements are placed immediately after a verb to form a 'verb + direction complement' structure. Common types include simple direction complements (e.g., '来' '去') and compound direction complements (e.g., '进来' '出去'). When a verb takes a place object, if the complement is '来/去', the object is placed before '来/去'; if the complement is compound, the object is usually placed after the middle part, e.g., '走进教室来'. In addition, direction complements can also have extended meanings, such as '想起来' (to recall) or '关掉' (to turn off).