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Emphasizing the doer of an action with 由 ("you2")

由 yóu

Verb
HSK 4

Structure

Topic + 由 + Person + Verb

Definition

由（yóu）用于引出动作的执行者，强调某动作是由特定的人或事物完成的。常与被动语态相似，但更侧重说明动作的责任者或执行者。

由 (yóu) is used to introduce the doer of an action, emphasizing that the action is performed by a specific person or thing. It is similar to the passive voice but focuses on the agent or responsible party.

Usage

句型：由 + 执行者 + 动词（+ 其他成分）。通常用于说明某任务、活动或事件是由谁负责或执行的。执行者可以是人、组织或机构。动词后常接宾语或补语。

Structure: 由 + doer + verb (+ other elements). It is used to indicate who is responsible for or carries out a task, activity, or event. The doer can be a person, organization, or institution. The verb is often followed by an object or complement.

Examples

  • 1 这个项目由张经理负责。 (This project is led by Manager Zhang.)
  • 2 会议由董事长主持。 (The meeting was chaired by the chairman.)
  • 3 蛋糕由妈妈亲手做的。 (The cake was made by Mom herself.)
  • 4 这个问题由你来回答。 (This question is for you to answer.)
  • 5 所有的费用都由公司承担。 (All expenses are borne by the company.)

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